https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49803 38 years (1.34; 1.04–1.73); those with disease duration > 7 years (1.33; 1.01–1.74); those with EDSS score < 6 (1.21; 1.01–1.46) and ≥ 6 (1.93; 1.11–3.34); and patients with no new MRI lesion (1.73; 1.19–2.51). Conclusions: Overall, in women, younger patients, those with shorter disease durations, and patients with pre-treatment relapses, natalizumab was associated with a lower frequency of multiple sclerosis relapses than fingolimod. It was also associated with an increased chance of recovery from disability among most patients, particularly women and those with no recent MRI activity.]]> Wed 31 May 2023 15:59:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42663 Wed 31 Aug 2022 13:58:16 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:54297 Wed 28 Feb 2024 15:52:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35532 Wed 24 Nov 2021 15:50:20 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42530 Wed 24 Aug 2022 15:01:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36606 Wed 17 Nov 2021 16:31:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51020 Wed 16 Aug 2023 09:41:18 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9218 65 years of age) drivers (pooled OR 1.13; 95% CI 0.97, 1.31) than in drivers <65 years of age (pooled OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.31, 3.73), a result consistent with age-stratified risk differences reported in cohort studies. Anxiolytics, taken in single or multiple doses during the daytime, impaired driving performance independent of their half-lives. With hypnotics, converging evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies indicates that diazepam, flurazepam, flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and the short half-life non-benzodiazepine hypnotic zopiclone significantly impair driving, at least during the first 2–4 weeks of treatment. The accident risk was higher in the elderly (>65 years of age) who use tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs); however, the evidence for an association of antidepressants with accident risk in younger drivers was equivocal. Sedative but not non-sedative antidepressants were found to cause short-term impairment of several measures of driving performance. Limited epidemiological research reported that opioids may be associated with increased accident risk in the first few weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Benzodiazepine use was associated with a significant increase in the risk of traffic accidents and responsibility of drivers for accidents. The association was more pronounced in the younger drivers. The accident risk was markedly increased by co-ingestion of alcohol. Driving impairment was generally related to plasma half-lives of hypnotics, but with notable exceptions. Anxiolytics, with daytime dosing, impaired driving independent of their half-lives. TCAs appeared to be associated with increased accident risk, at least in the elderly, and caused short-term impairment in driving performance. Opioid users may be at a higher risk of traffic accidents; however, experimental evidence is limited on their effects on driving.]]> Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:30:29 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:5418 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:02:55 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11591 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:56:10 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18850 Wed 11 Apr 2018 09:33:45 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45583 Wed 02 Nov 2022 10:33:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25930 Tue 30 Aug 2022 10:48:38 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47631 Tue 24 Jan 2023 14:23:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36684 Tue 23 Jun 2020 16:34:42 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50324 Tue 18 Jul 2023 19:52:06 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48282 Tue 14 Mar 2023 11:24:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38927  5 years post-diagnosis). Analysis was undertaken for the 6-month supervised exercise portion of the intervention, which involved 100 men aged between 62 and 85 years, 50 in each arm. The primary outcome was cost per quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Results: A 6-month supervised exercise intervention for PCa survivors resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of AU$64,235 (2018 AUD) at an incremental cost of AU$546 per person and a QALY gain of 0.0085. At a willingness-to-pay of AU$50,000, the probability that the intervention is cost-effective was 41%. Sensitivity analysis showed that maintenance of benefits via a 6-month home-based intervention, immediately following the supervised intervention, lowered the cost per QALY gained to AU$32,051. Discussion: This is the first cost-effectiveness analysis of exercise for PCa survivors. The intervention was effective, but unlikely to be cost-effective at the generally accepted willingness-to-pay of AU$50,000 per QALY. It is likely that evidence to support cost savings from post-intervention outcomes would reveal greater benefits and contribute to a more comprehensive cost-effectiveness analysis. Future RCTs should incorporate longer follow-up durations and collection of data to support modelling to capture future health benefits. Measures of quality of life or utility more sensitive to the impact of physical activity would also improve future economic evaluations.]]> Tue 08 Mar 2022 11:43:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:42075 Thu 18 Aug 2022 09:55:24 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29956 Thu 17 Feb 2022 09:29:58 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:50899 Thu 10 Aug 2023 13:18:08 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37016 Thu 09 Dec 2021 11:04:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47437 Thu 08 Feb 2024 15:32:42 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:9286 Sat 24 Mar 2018 11:13:04 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:31207 E_max model linked to a turnover model for coagulation proteins. In the joint model, an unexpected pharmacodynamic lag was identified and the estimated degradation half-life of VK-dependent coagulation proteins were in agreement with previously published values. The model provided an adequate fit to the observed data. Conclusion: The joint model represents the first work to quantify the influence of warfarin on all six VK-dependent coagulation proteins simultaneously. Future work will expand the model to predict the influence of exogenously administered VK on the time course of clotting factor concentrations after warfarin overdose and during perioperative warfarin reversal procedures.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:44:46 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:14377 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:23:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:10269 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:13:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11419 s] = 0.5983) and weakly with generic measures (r_s=-0.028 for ADDQoL present global QOL scores, 0.310 for EQ-VAS, 0.164 for EQ-5D and 0.281 for SF-6D). Participants who required insulin, those with diabetes-related complications and those who were overweight/obese reported lower AWI scores, but the differences were not statistically significant. Importance scores of zero were assigned 1–28% of the time and the NA options were selected 3–49% of the time. Conclusions: The ADDQoL is reliable and probably valid for assessing QOL among Chinese-speaking Singaporeans with T2DM, although known-groups validity warrants further investigation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:11:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11557 2max) including: the attainment of age-predicted maximum heart rate (HR_max) [53%], respiratory exchange ratio (RER) >1.10 (49%) or RER >1.15 (27%) and a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of >17, 18 or 19 (20%). The reasons stated for these strategies included their own beliefs (32%), what they were taught (26%), what they read in research articles (22%), tradition (13%) and the influence of their colleagues (7%). The combination of VE, FEO₂ and FECO₂ removed 96–98% of VO₂ breath-by-breath variability in incremental and steady-state exercise VO₂ data sets, respectively. Correction of residual error in VO₂ datasets to 10% of the raw variability results from application of a 30-second time average, 15-breath running average, or a 0.04 Hz low cut-off digital filter. Thus, we recommend that once these data processing strategies are used, the peak or maximal value becomes the highest processed datapoint. Exercise physiologists need to agree on, and continually refine through empirical research, a consistent process for analysing data from indirect calorimetry.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:11:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19852 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19778 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:56:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19120 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:57 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:6504 1.0. Results: The adapted CAQ-B was validated in 96 patients (40 girls and 56 boys) with a mean age of 8.7 ± 1.1 years (range 7–11). Most children had no difficulty understanding and completing the questionnaire. The median time taken to complete a questionnaire was 10 minutes.Internal consistency of the various scales ranged from 0.29 to 0.76 (Cronbach’s alpha) when items were analysed according to the UK or Australian scale structure. This increased to 0.57–0.76 after item reduction. Physician-rated severity only correlated significantly with the Active Quality of Living (AQOL) domain (r = –0.29, p = 0.02). However, parent/caregiver-rated severity correlated with three of four patient-reported domains: AQOL (r = –0.359, p = 0.001), Passive Quality Of Living (PQOL) [r = –0.271, p < 0.01] and severity (r = 0.367, p < 0.001). The AQOL domain was significantly correlated with the PQOL domain (r = 0.513, p = 0.005). Conclusions: The children and parents/caregivers in this study found CAQ-B to be a simple and acceptable questionnaire with some evidence of content validity. While two of the domains did not meet internal consistency standards expected of HR-QOL instruments for adults (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.70), they were acceptable for children of this age. The patterns of correlation also suggest that parent/ caregivers’ perception of the severity of a young child’s asthma may be a better indicator of a child’s HR-QOL than clinical diagnosis of severity. However, further investigation is recommended to improve and validate the internal structure of the scale.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:47:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26810 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26778 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28735 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:38 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30308 2 or mg/kg basis and subsequent occurrence of dosing error or concern for underdosing. The ‘simple and safe’ strategy of a single dose of tyrosine kinase inhibitor for cancer has thus been widely adopted. However, the benefits purported to exist in the clinical trials do not appear to be borne out in clinical practice, particularly in solid tumours. In order to investigate whether pharmacokinetic variability is a contributor to the variable outcomes, pharmacokinetic targets to enable individualisation of tyrosine kinase inhibitor administration are now emerging. Evidence suggests there is not a clear relationship of a single dose to maximum plasma concentration (C_max), steady-state trough concentration (C_trough) or area under the curve (AUC). Furthermore, a significant number of questions remain related to the specific timing and frequency of sample collection required to achieve optimal outcomes. This article reviews the wide variability in the literature on this topic, specifically the different pharmacokinetic targets of the same drug for different cancers, for different states of cancer, and changing pharmacokinetic parameters over a treatment interval in cancer. It appears the optimal sampling times to enable appropriate dose recommendations across patients and diseases may vary, and are not always trough concentrations at steady state. Importantly, the need to be pragmatic in a clinical setting is paramount. Lastly, international collaborations to increase sample size are highly recommended to ensure enough patients are sampled to be sure of a clinical benefit from this concentration-directed methodology.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27185 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:41 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28018 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26988 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:25:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:23351 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:16:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:44796 Mon 24 Oct 2022 09:25:05 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53914 Mon 22 Jan 2024 15:24:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48831 Mon 10 Apr 2023 10:42:53 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49237 Mon 08 May 2023 10:07:09 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46857 participant selection criteria and adaptations for experimental design and address the diversity and complexities associated with female reproductive endocrinology across the lifespan. This statement intends to promote an increase in the inclusion of women as participants in studies related to sport and exercise science and an enhanced execution of these studies resulting in more high-quality female-specific data.]]> Mon 05 Dec 2022 08:09:28 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40009 n = 61) were analysed using non-linear mixed modelling. Covariate analysis was performed to investigate the impact of standard and novel patient characteristics of carboplatin pharmacokinetics. A Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 representative NSCLC patients evaluated the ability of the Calvert formula and novel dosing strategies to achieve the targeted therapeutic range. The associations between systemic inflammation and chemotherapy drug utilisation (cycles received, relative dose intensity (RDI) and second-line uptake) and clinical endpoints were also investigated in the pharmacokinetic cohort, and two independent cohorts of people with advanced NSCLC from the Chemotherapy Dosing in Cancer-Related Inflammation (CDCRI) database that were administered carboplatin–paclitaxel (n  = 37) or carboplatin–gemcitabine (n  = 358). Results: In all cohorts, 25–53% of people had elevated systemic inflammation (NLR > 5 or PLR > 300). In the pharmacokinetic cohort, no patients achieved the desired therapeutic target of carboplatin. Carboplatin exposure was related to renal function, as estimated using the Cockcroft–Gault formula, albumin and inflammation (NLR). In the pharmacokinetic cohort, increasing carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) correlated with greater reductions in red blood cells and haemoglobin. In this cohort, the average measured AUC of partial responders was 2.4 mg·min/mL. Also in the pharmacokinetic cohort, only 12% of people with an NLR > 5 received four or more cycles of chemotherapy, compared with 62% of patients with an NLR ≤ 5 (p < 0.001). For people in the CDCRI cohort receiving carboplatin–gemcitabine, those with an NLR > 5 also received less cycles (four or more cycles, 41% vs. 60%; p < 0.01) as well as less second-line chemotherapy (46% vs. 60%; p = 0.02) compared with patients without inflammation. People in the pharmacokinetic cohort with an NLR > 5 had 12 months less median survival compared with people with an NLR ≤ 5 (6.5 vs. 18 months; p = 0.08). Similarly, overall survival was significantly shortened in people in the CDCRI cohort receiving carboplatin–gemcitabine with an NLR > 5 compared with those with an NLR ≤ 5 (7 vs. 12 months; p < 0.001), and Cox regression analysis showed a 1.5-fold (1.3–2.1; p < 0.001) increased hazard of death associated with the increased systemic inflammation. Simulations of the newly developed model-based and Calvert dosing assessed the ability to reach this study’s proposed actual target AUC of 2.2–2.6 mg·min/mL. These showed current Calvert dosing was predicted to result in substantial overexposure in patients with high systemic inflammation. The newly developed model showed equivalent levels of carboplatin therapeutic target achievement across the spectrum of inflammation observed in the lung cancer population. Conclusion: An alternate model-based dosing strategy for carboplatin was developed and is predicted to result in consistent drug exposure across the population and improve attainment of therapeutic targets. Further studies of this new model are warranted in people with advanced NSCLC.]]> Fri 15 Jul 2022 11:35:17 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:52987 Fri 03 Nov 2023 15:58:28 AEDT ]]>